Recognition and Legalization of Same-sex Marriage

Introduction Equality is a prominent topic of debate. Although the gay and lesbian community has progressed, the fight for equality remains. Recognition and legalization of same-sex marriage still falls within the minority rule amongst the states, but will soon be the majority. California , Delaware , Connecticut , Hawaii , Illinois , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , Minnesota , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New Mexico , New York , Rhode Island , Vermont , Washington , Iowa , and Washington D.C. are marriage equality states. Colorado , Oregon , Nevada , and Wisconsin laws allow gay and lesbian couples to enter into a domestic partnership or civil union. I hope that other states, particularly states in the South, will follow suit in†¦show more content†¦In the second section, I will discuss the current state of the law in Louisiana regarding public policy, adoption, and custody. In the third section, I will address California’s enactment of laws and relevant case law protec ting gay and lesbian parental rights. In conclusion, I will suggest that Louisiana adopt laws similar to California’s that include protections for the growing number of gay and lesbian parents in the state. Constitutional Rights to Parent The United States Supreme Court has repeatedly established, â€Å"[p]arents have a constitutionally protected liberty interest in making decisions about the care, custody, and control of their children.† Troxel is a third party visitation case, stemming from a Washington statute, where the paternal grandparents filed for visitation of their granddaughters, after the suicide of their son. At the state level, the grandparents won visitation. The children’s mother appealed their decision on the ground that the state unconstitutionally infringed on her fundamental parental liberty interest. The United States Supreme Court found the application of the third party visitation statute in question to unconstitutionally infringe on the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Reasoning that the Washington statute permitting any person to petition for visitation was overbroad, and the trial court failed to recognize the presumption that a fit parent acts in their child’sShow MoreRelatedLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesKaye Shannelle Romuar Alfritz Arevalo Angelika Figueroa Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage I. Introduction Same-sex marriage can also be called gay marriage. This is a marriage between two males or two females, in either a religious setting or in a civil ceremony. Same-sex unions are recorded in the history of a number of cultures but this type of marriage is rare, or doesn’t exist in other cultures .The first law that provided same-sex marriage for the people was in 2001 in the Netherlands. As of JulyRead MoreThe Legal Issues Of Gay Marriage1626 Words   |  7 PagesGay marriage is marriage involving two persons of the same sex is a man and a man or a woman and a woman. It can be seen as a phrase that is used by the Government, social and religious groups to have the recognition of marriage between two persons of the same sex. There is a social movement, so that people can get their rights and responsibilities in countries like the United States of America. Legal issues involved in this type of marriage have been made to the procedures of the federal GovernmentRead MoreShould Sa me-Sex Marriage Be Legalized in Hong Kong?1095 Words   |  5 PagesShould same-sex marriage be legalized in Hong Kong? In recent years, more homosexual people have come out to disclose their sexual orientation. Gays and lesbians may even feel pride and have higher self-esteem instead of having shame. People in Hong Kong generally are more open-minded now. There is no legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Hong Kong. In many countries or regions, the legalization of same-sex marriage is already implemented. Therefore, some may say that same-sex marriage shouldRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is a commitment between two people who love each other and have chosen to spend the rest of their lives together, this is a pretty standard view of marriage. How that commitment looks from culture to culture can be very different. In the United States, today, marriage is viewed as a commitment of love and loyalty. Legally it is a binding contract between two people giving them the benefits of marriage i.e. tax benefits and legal decision making benefits. T he big controversy facing theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage1912 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract The onslaught of homosexuality legalization movements and initiatives has presented the society with a barrage of questions – dilemmas, even – regarding its moral and political sides. Legalization of same-sex marriage is a highly divisive issue and often pits former friends, neighbors and even relatives against each other. Whereas some people believe that same-sex marriage is an unnatural and unhealthy phenomenon, activists exhorting its legalization hold fast to the opposite opinion. TheRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1411 Words   |  6 PagesNikta Kalatari Writing Assignment #1 The proposead legalization of same-sex marriage is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. Presently, it is one of the most vigorously advocated reforms discussed in law reviews, one of the most explosive political questions facing lawmakers, and one of the most provocative issues emerging before American courts. If same-sex marriage is legalized, it could be one of the most revolutionary policy decisions in the history of AmericanRead MoreThe Changed Definition Of Marriage1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Recently Changed Definition of Marriage On June 26th, 2015, the United States Supreme Court voted to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide and in doing so, rattled the belief system of many Christians around the country. Many took to social media and with the terror and panic of Chicken Little cried, â€Å"The sky is falling†, while others lashed out in hateful speech towards the lawmakers and the homosexual community that celebrated their newly given liberty. As Christians begin to look towardRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized?1677 Words   |  7 PagesViews on Gay Marriage Same sex marriage is currently only being allowed in some states but is still looked down upon and banned in other states. Legalization in all states still causes quite a bit of controversy and debate. Would be easier to just legalize it in all states and make everything equal? Or would people’s opinions and religious views continue to stand in the way? Currently same sex marriage is only legal in thirty two states. â€Å"Those states are Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,Read MoreGay And Gay Rights Movement853 Words   |  4 Pagesof 1968, gay and lesbian rights movements started booming in the 1970’s (Smith 328). At first, the purpose of the movements was to gain support from the public on their cause of equal rights for LGBT people. However, the main goal was for the â€Å"legalization of homosexual behavior; an end to state regulation and repression of lesbian and gay life; and the passage and enforcement of antidiscrimination measures, most importantly in the area of employment† (Smith 334). To do this, the gay rights movements

Examples Of Magical Realism In Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka

The â€Å"Metamorphosis,† by Franz Kafka, can be classified as magical realism when compared to â€Å"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World,† by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, using aspects of magical realism including realistic elements, magical elements, dark humor, and distortion of time. One aspect of Magical Realism Franz Kafka uses is realistic elements. The start of Gregor’s morning is similar a normal morning where â€Å"his immediate reaction was to get up quietly without being disturbed, to put on his clothes, and above all, eat his breakfast† (1113) before going to work. During this scene, Gregor still thinks like a human, however he has physically turned into a bug. A human’s normal thoughts, on a weekday, is to get up and get ready to go to†¦show more content†¦The townspeople imagine how Esteban’s living space and family must of been just by looking at him, since he is the most handsomest man they have ever seen. Howev er, the townspeople do not realize that someones beauty does not show how they must have lived when they were alive. Another aspect of Magical Realism that Franz Kafka uses is dark humor. Once Gregor finally got up from his bed, he walked to the kitchen, but his father â€Å"had filled his pocket with with fruit from the dish on the sideboard and was now shying apple after apple† (1135) at Gregor. Gregor’s father doesn’t accept that Gregor is a bug, so he tosses apples at his own son. Since this action is very unusual, this can classified as humor. But since Gregor’s own father is throwing apples that will actually hurt Gregor, it is dark humor. Similarly, in â€Å"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World† by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, there are several instances where dark humor is used. At the beginning of the story, the children â€Å"had been playing with him all afternoon, burying and unburying [Esteban] in the sand† (1348). Since the children are not aware of who this body is or why he is there, make this scene funny. Additionally, since these children are burying a dead body and digging him back, it can be seen as dark humor. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of The Metamorphosis1033 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Metamorphosis This story The Metamorphosis is about Gregor, a workaholic, who is changed into an insect and must then deal with his present reality. The hardest part of being an insect for him was the alienation from his family, which eventually leads to his death. In reading the short story The Metamorphosis, (1971),one can realize how small the difference is between Magical Realism and Fantastic. This literature written by the Austrian, Franz Kafka, is often debated overRead More The Metamorphosis Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Metamorphosis The longer story The Metamorphosis, first published in 1971, was written by Franz Kafka. He was born in Prague in 1883 and lived until 1924, and he has written many other stories along with The Metamorphosis. The Metamorphosis appears to be a fantastic piece. After reading The Metamorphosis, I do believe that there are many similarities between magical realism and fantastic literature. Kafka showed many fantastic issues in The Metamorphosis. While reading The MetamorphosisRead MoreMetamorphosis Analysis1142 Words   |  5 PagesFranz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† is about the dehumanization of a man named Gregor, when he wastes his life monotonously repeating the same task every day to support his uncaring family. The lack of purpose in his life is an example of absurdist fiction, a genre of fictional narrative that uses satire and irrationality to explore the human experience of meaninglessness. Furthermore, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† uses aspects of magical realism, such as transformation of common, distortion of time and lossRead MoreVictorianism Versus Modernism1869 Words   |  8 PagesMatias Gutierrez Mrs. Smith World Literature 21 December 2012 OLD*******8 Victorianism in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Modernism in The Metamorphosis Victorianism is about how the individual could improve the society. They believed that a good individual could make the society better as a whole and therefore improve life. Victorians focused on science and the desire for extremely realistic portrayal of life in both literature and art. Some aspects of Victorian thinking were retainedRead MoreQureshi Marxist Interpretation Of Kafka1910 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Marxist Interpretation of Kafkas The Metamorphosis Mahum Qureshi â€Å"For all things outside the physical world language can be employed only as a sort of adumbration, but never with approximate exactitude, since in accordance with the physical world it treats only of possession and its connotations.† –Kafka1 This paper looks at the philosophy of power, alienation and minor literature through an analysis Franz Kafkas short story, The Metamorphosis. In the story the protagonist wakes up as a giantRead More Discovering a Culture through Magical Realism Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesDiscovering a Culture through Magical Realism      Ã‚   Every culture has a memorable type of literature. When one thinks of English literature, one thinks of William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens. The American writers Thoreau, Clemens, and Emerson bring to mind the days when America was still proving herself to be equal to the European countries. France had her own artists, such as Voltaire and Hugo, as did Spain with Cervantes and Dante. However, when one thinks of Latin America, what writersRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Analysis of the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, by Franz Kafka was2200 Words   |  9 PagesThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Analysis of the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, by Franz Kafka was written back in the early 1900’s, but reflected a more modern way of thinking and lifestyle of today. Gregor felt that he was a slave to his job, isolated from his co-workers, and misunderstood by his family. Although that is the norm in today’s society, it was not the norm back then. In the story Gregor finds himself transformed into a cockroach and his internal struggles become a permanent reality. Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesApplications 239 Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model 240 The Job Characteristics Model 240 †¢ How Can Jobs Be Redesigned? 242 †¢ Alternative Work Arrangements 245 †¢ The Social and Physical Context of Work 249 Employee Involvement 250 Examples of Employee Involvement Programs 251 †¢ Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation Theories 252 Using Rewards to Motivate Employees 252 What to Pay: Establishing a Pay Structure 252 †¢ How to Pay: Rewarding Individual Employees Through Variable-Pay

The Different Types Of Government - 868 Words

The three different types of government in this text are very different. The first of the governments with Niccolo Machiavelli did not believe a divine rule. The second one with Thomas Hobs believed that there was some type of divine rule. The third had Niccolo Machiavelli, he was a Florentine statesman and a political theorist, which is â€Å"someone who engages in a constricting or evaluating political theory and is used to describe and evaluate political events and institutions.† (Dictionary.com) He was not that much of a religious person and he believed what people only ruled by themselves and with any divine help. He also believed that a prince should remove ethics from political things and that a prince should just maintain himself. Machiavelli also had something to say about religion, â€Å"For him religious value derived from other factors is a ruler that could utilize religion to unite his subjects and to foster obedience to law† (Perry 9). He was really saying that he used religion when he needed to. He was telling the princes that they do not have to be religious be that if you use religion that that people will listen to you. Lastly, Niccolo Machiavelli also did not believe that you needed to care what the people think only if the people are okay. He was a very successful ruler. He told the princes that you could be considered many things like â€Å"liberal, another... miserly†¦ one a free giver, another rapacious; one cruel another merciful†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Show MoreRelatedThe Different Types Of Government1896 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction When we speak of the government a lot of questions runs through the minds of people such as, where did it start from? who where the founders of government? how did the different types of government come about? During the first civilization in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Mexico and other places there where small communities know as kingdoms. These Kingdoms were governed by Kings, and from this civilization was established. These kings had different ways of ruling their kingdoms andRead MoreDifferent Types Of Government Essay1005 Words   |  5 PagesGermany In Germany, there is no central regulator for water supply and sewerage sector. There are different forms of ownership in terms of service providers. Municipality is most frequently involved in some type of ownership structure, but there are also concessionaires. Water and sewerage tariffs are approved through different procedures in every province, usually within the department of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs, after a request for the tariff increase is reviewed by the independentRead MoreDifferent Types Of Government Contracts2207 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction There are several types of government contracts, and the differences between them are not trivial. Each requires a unique approach to bidding and a unique approach to performing the work. Understanding the distinct challenges and opportunities of each contract is vital if your business is to succeed as a government contractor (Deltek, 2012). The first step in exploring and understanding the different types of federal contract is to understand what a contract is. Contract means a mutuallyRead MoreAristotle s Politics : Government Enterprise Within The Context Of The Different Types Of City States Essay1925 Words   |  8 PagesAristotle s Politics discusses government enterprise within the context of the different types of city-states. While the work includes details about the basics of political science, Aristotle largely focuses his attention on the question of regimes during this time period, presenting the distinctive elements that compose these regimes. Aristotle structures this work to build upon the different elements of a city-state and their differences. Society is marked by unequal positions of power and privilegeRead MoreForms Of Government And Its Effect On National Identity980 Words   |  4 PagesASSIGNMENT 1: FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Each country has its own unique form of government that helps shape its national identity but experts identify at least nine forms of governments. These are Communism, Marxism, Socialism, Monarchy, Republic, Dictatorship, Totalitarianism, Anarchy and Tyranny. All the other types are just modifications and improvements of these nine so that they can be suitable for that particular country. Communism, according to Remy Melina, is that form of government where in the rulingRead MoreLao Tzu Vs. Machiavelli850 Words   |  4 PagesGovernment (Lao-tzu V. Machiavelli) What is government? Government is the governing body of nation, state, or community. Government determines the way any group of people are ran. There a several different types of government used all around the world. In the United States for example, uses a type of government that has three different branches of power. The Legislative Branch is the law making branch. The Judicial branch is the courts and the low enforcement. Lastly, the Executive branch is theRead MoreRole and Functions of Law842 Words   |  4 Pagesthey keep society members in check and prevent chaos from running amok. In this paper I will discuss the major roles and functions of law will be discussed including constitutions, statues and common law, law classifications, and finally the different types of courts. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, Langvardt, 2007) Role and Functions of Law In order to determine the functions or role of the law in society and business Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary gives the following definition. Law is definedRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages: Federal, Confederate and Unitary Systems of Government!662 Words   |  3 Pagesand Unitary Systems of Government! The unitary government    is often described as a centralized government. It is a government in which all powers held by the government belong to a single, central agency.  The majority of all worlds’ governments are Unitary. For example, Great Britain. Some advantages of a Unitary Government are; uniform policies, laws. Enforcement and administration throughout the country. This is a huge beyond huge positive trait of a Unitary Government. Also, there are fewerRead MoreCommunism, Capitalism, and Socialism Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesThree different types of economic systems used by governments are Communism, Capitalism, and Socialism. Each type of system is unique in different ways. Each has distinct aspects that make it what it is. In communism, the government runs everything and there are no social classes. The government in capitalism doesn’t interfere with any businesses and lets the citizens own and operate them. Socialism is basically a mixture of th e two economic systems. The government runs certain businesses,Read MoreThe Strategic Challenges Of Homeland Security1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthe government (local or federal) is solely in charge of terrorism preparedness. It takes many groups and many people. On a local standpoint, there are town halls where people can go and learn about what terrorism is and how it could affect the local area. There are also people within the local government that have resources within the federal government that can work together and share thoughts, ideas, and resources to work together to come up with a plan. These plans include the types of critical

Analysis Of The Book Troy - 1835 Words

Andrew Andraos Literature LENG-201-003 Essay 2 Troy in Fences Troy Maxson is the protagonist of Fences, a fifty-three-year-old, African American man who works for the sanitation department, lifting garbage into trucks. Troy is also a former baseball star in the Negro Leagues. Troy s athletic ability diminished before the Major Leagues accepted blacks. Hard-working, strong and prone to telling compelling, fanciful stories and twisting the truth, Troy is the family breadwinner and plays the dominant role in his over thirty-year friendship with fellow sanitation worker, Jim Bono. Troy s character is the centerpiece that all of the other relationships in Fences gather around. Troy is husband to Rose, father to Lyons, Cory, and Raynell, and†¦show more content†¦Troy wants Cory to have a better life than he has had working as a garbage collector. He refuses to yield to Cory for this reason regarding football and college recruitment. We see here another weakness in Troy. Though he aims to be a good father to his son and to be a better father than his own father was, Troy s inability to see that the world has changed keeps him from letting his son go to college. He is bitter and resentful at the opportunities lost because of the color of his skin and is desperate to protect Cory from the same sort of disappointment. We can see that Troy clearly attempts to fulfill the expectations he sees for himself as a father and husband. Troy Maxson transforms into a lonely, unloved, fearful man from his original position as the center of attention in his family and social world. Though he constantly tries to escape his life, Troy Maxson tries to engage life and challenge Death because he believes in himself and his convictions, however illusionary they may be. Troy begins by confronting his employees about their discriminatory practices, he boasts to his best friend Bono and family member that he is not afraid of death and he keeps a secret that he thinks he can get away with about his affair with Alberta. When Troy demands respect from his son, Cory, he gets it and when he teases his other son Lyons, Troy feels bigger and better.Show MoreRelatedDeep Zone Book Report881 Words   |  4 PagesKyle Duncan 12-7-11 Book Report (Deep Zone) 3rd Block Plot Summary The characters are Thane, Ty, Troy, Tate, and Agent Sutherland. Ty is this story’s main character. Thane is his older brother and an NFL star. Ty meets Troy and Tate in Miami at the football tournament. Agent Sutherland is an FBI agent protecting Ty from the mob while Thane is away. The setting is in Miami and in the swamp. At the beginning of the story, they are at a football game, when Thane is going up for a touchdownRead MoreFences Character Analysis Essay924 Words   |  4 Pageson the trait of responsibility in order to have their daily activities run smoothly. Troy Maxson has incorporated the key ideas of responsibility; to secure his family, friendships and job. Troy had stated multiple times within Fences that his actions are based off of his responsibilities; instead of love. â€Å"[...]Liked you? Who the hell say I got to like you?[...]† (Wilson,37). This quote displays that although Troy loves his family, his sense of responsibility is stronger. The sense of responsibilityRead MoreEssay on An Analysis for the Play Fences1293 Words   |  6 PagesFences - An Analysis James E. May Averett University History of the Theatre TH 220 / BBA 469 Ronal Stepney November 07, 2011 The story line seemed melodramatic throughout the play. The author (August Wilson) has laid the ground work of many themes throughout the play. The play deals with Race, Men and their masculinity, Morality, Dreams and hopes of everyone involved, Family, Duty, Betrayal and Dissatisfaction. The play begins with Troy and his best friend Bono entering the yard chattingRead More Religion in August Wilsons Fences Essay examples814 Words   |  4 PagesIn August Wilsons play, Fences, the character, Troy Maxson, is by no definition a religious man. He has created his own religion through his own philosophies, especially baseball. Sandra G. Shannons critical analysis, The Good Christians Come and Gone: The Shifting Role of Christianity in August Wilson Plays, gives analogies for the way Troy deals with his own spirituality. It is agreeable that Troy, like other Wilson characters, deals with religion in his own way. Shannon assertsRead MoreIliad’s Dilemmas with the Definition Piety 846 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween humans and gods or vise versa. However, one can interpret that after reading book one, six, and seven of The Iliad by Homer, that there are dilemmas that are associated with this definition. The three examples that shows this are: In book one, when Homer mentioned the communication between Achilles and Athene, in book six, which explained the exchange that was made by the woman of troy to Athene and in book 7, where the Achaians did not sacrifice anything to Zeus. The communication betweenRead MoreHelen Of Troy1455 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Helen of Troy In Greek mythology, Helen of Troy, also known as Helen of Sparta, was the daughter of Zeus and Leda, and was a sister of Castor, Pollux, and Clytemnestra. In Greek myths, she was considered the most beautiful woman in the world. By marriage she was Queen of Laconia, a province within Homeric Greece, the wife of King Menelaus. Her abduction by Paris, Prince of Troy, brought about the Trojan War. Elements of her putative biography come from classical authors such as Aristophanes, CiceroRead MoreExistentialism And Akhilleus : State Of Affairs1182 Words   |  5 Pageswithin the book’s literary tropes. Occasionally, some books have an overloaded abundance of existential themes. Homer’s Iliad is one of the books that comprise of an abundance of existential themes. The Iliad is a Greek epic composed in dactylic hexameter. Homer created the poem in the Greek Bronze Age around c. 1194–1184 BCE. The story begins in the middle of the Trojan War. The Greeks attack Troy b ecause Paris, who is the son of the King of Troy, seduced one of their leader’s wives. The Greeks haveRead MoreHelen of Troy Does Countertop Dancing1480 Words   |  6 PagesTeagan de Marigny DSVTEA001 Due Date: 16 September 2011 English Literary Studies: ELL1016S Tutor: Nicola Lazenby Tut group 13 Assignment 2: Poetry ‘Helen of Troy Does Countertop Dancing’ – Margaret Atwood ‘Helen of Troy does Countertop Dancing’, by Margaret Atwood, deals with the refusal to agree to or obey with the idea that woman need to live a self-respected life and have a humble day job, which is pressured by society in order for woman to be ‘Ideal’. As well as Atwood’s writing on the oppressedRead MoreHelen of Troy Does Countertop Dancing1488 Words   |  6 PagesTeagan de Marigny DSVTEA001 Due Date: 16 September 2011 English Literary Studies: ELL1016S Tutor: Nicola Lazenby Tut group 13 Assignment 2: Poetry ‘Helen of Troy Does Countertop Dancing’ – Margaret Atwood ‘Helen of Troy does Countertop Dancing’, by Margaret Atwood, deals with the refusal to agree to or obey with the idea that woman need to live a self-respected life and have a humble day job, which is pressured by society in order for woman to be ‘Ideal’. As well as Atwood’s writing onRead MoreFences Research1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Physical and Psychological Boundaries in August Wilson’s Fences The early 1950’s was a time of enormous importance because of the Civil Rights Movement which emphasized equal rights for blacks and whites. According to the book Approaching Literature, this time period became very familiar to August Wilson, the author of the play Fences. Wilson, an African American man, was raised by his mother and his ex-convict father. For a short period of time, before moving back to his

Significance of Graduate Attributes-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the significance of graduate attributes. Answer: The significance of graduate attributes is being more and more recognized and internationally in higher education and by industry, government, and accrediting bodies. Higher education is the first step towards the career goal that an individual set. This is the phase where people have to be in a mindset of setting specific target and moving towards developing skill set. The training and skills acquired by an individual further helps that person in choosing a befitting career for oneself. In Australia apart from universities there are several other options for a student to choose from in accordance to the skill set and the knowledge he or she wants to acquire in the long run. These options may be Technical and Further Education(TAFE) institutes and Registered Training Organizations (RTOs). These institutes are backed by the guidelines and policies of the department of education and training in the Australian government. There are specific norms and conditions about the requirements an d the facilities that are available to the students according to the guidelines. To back up the national qualification system in the country in the year 1995 Australia qualification framework (AQF) was set up. It specifies the guidelines and rules regarding higher education, vocational education etc. According to Kavanagh and Drennan (2008), Business academics were defined as those directly involved in lecturing within university level business undergraduate programs. Universities have their own requirements to enroll students. Grades are one of the many requirements. People who are enrolling for business graduate are expected to be smart, think at the top of the head, use common sense to understand analyze and find creative solution for complex problems. These are some of the usual characteristic that is required by a graduate to meet the requirements of any organization. This is of course apart from the skilled training that individuals acquire in business schools. When a student steps in to the higher education system it is taken that the student is capable of preparing oneself to garner knowledge and training to develop a flourishing career (John 2009) Some of the common qualities of a business graduates are: being a good leader: An individual who is a business graduate and is looking for a job in the industry he or she should have the quality to lead a group of people who will be working under the person. Commitment is another common attribute that an organization looks for when hiring a business graduate. If there is a lack of commitment in the person towards the institution then that person will also not have his full heart in the job which will affect the business in the long run. On the feet thinking ability: Apart from the academic knowledge that business education offers a student the person is also expected to have a good common sense and quick and creative in finding out solutions of the problems that are encountered. The management graduates are supposes to have a vision which will help in the development and policy making of the organization. A business graduate is expected to be far sighted to be able to at least work in a direction of the benefit of the organization. A management graduate is also expected to be respectful and have integrity in his or her nature so that the people who are working under him or her will be able to (Forbes.com, 2017). Employee skills and requirements by employers in Australia According to Jackson and Chapman (2012), there is a huge requirement for skilled management graduates in Australia. These skills have to be technical as well as non technical so that these students are ready for the job they are going to undertake once they are out of the colleges and institutes. There authors recognize the skill gaps in the graduates by carrying out primary research. They found that there are few disparities in between the academic curriculum and employer skill ratings of certain workplace behaviors. Some employers do believe that though there are certain non technical skill sets among the fresh graduates there are some vital elements of managerial skills that are missing. Quality of business education On the other hand the report by Azevedo, Apfelthaler and Hurst (2012), suggest the growing importance of the quality of education in the last two decades. Because of some of the external factors like concrete global competition, dynamic nature of consumer needs; higher education institutes constantly face demand for accountability, transparency and comparability. This is also dependent often some of the internal factors like the quality management initiatives and internationalization efforts etc. the authors also go on to say that there is very little that has been researched or done about the undergraduate or the primary level of business education which further effects the quality in the higher education as elementary education is the fundaments of the knowledge acquired by an individual. Common attributes of a business graduate Graduate abilities and attributes need development and incorporation, attributes like critical thinking and critical reflection, has proved challenging in business education (Treleaven Voola, 2008). In this report the authors have mentioned the significance of having a constructive and packed management course that is at par with the positive graduate attributes so that the students are job-ready in the industry they are hired in. According to the authors the required graduate attributes are academic knowledge and skills aligned with the selection requirements of the company, development of the aware mess among the students regarding the necessary attributes, the learning process should have the future prospect of the students in the education system and the curriculum should be based on realism, generic or non technical skill sets should be given importance and should be given opportunities to develop , the education process should be a two way communication where the students are given the opportunity to give feedbacks to the educators and the program. The duo also suggests that there should be a wide approach to enhance the popularity, develop and integrate graduate attributes. If graduate attributes were to be segmented they would be basically of two types technical or hard skill set and non-technical or soft skill set. Where most of the curriculum of the business schools revolve around developing the technical skill sets of the student very less attention has been paid to soft skill development, where as many entrepreneurs and employers believe that soft skills are equally important and are very rare quality to find in an individual. Requirement and importance of hard skills as well as soft skills among business graduates Robles (2012), in his paper has stated about the importance of interpersonal or soft skills that are required in a graduate while working for a business organization. He emphasizes on the development and the training of these soft skills in the education system as well so that a business graduate is ready to join the job as soon as the completion of the course. He says these soft skills are important to imbibe by the curriculum of the business education system so as to increase the employability of the students after the course is over. The mindset of fresh graduates are that of a student and that takes a lot of time to change and for them to think like a professional. In this report the author has identified the top 10 soft skills that are deemed to be most important by business executives: integrity, communication, courtesy, responsibility, social skills, positive attitude, professionalism, flexibility, teamwork, and work ethic. On the other hand, Jackson and Chapman (2012), have interviewed and surveyed to gather information from two hundred and eleven Australian employers to come to a conclusion and build a set of business graduate attribute profiles which precisely mirror the present requirements of Australia employers. The authors suggest that there are three clusters graduates that they have put together through the samples gathered. The groups were Manager, People Person and Business Analyst and provide an insight of the Australian industrys prime requirements of business graduates. In the studies the repeated importance of technical or hard skills were brought to the forefront. But he also states that a lot of people who have been surveyed have mentioned that for the Manager and People Person profiles an increasingly significant portion of undergraduate curriculum should be focused on developing emotional intelligence, leadership skills, creativity and social skills kind of soft skills. The duo further mentions that it is just not any one part of the skill set that is important rather it is the balance of the two types of skills that are required for a job-ready graduate. In the paper Harris (2009), points out the different types of ways in which knowledge that is acquired, levels of the knowledge process, assessment of the classes and standards are put together. By analyzing various academic standards so that students are of the employers expectation levels, the authors has said that the higher education systems are now more concentrated on the nature, quality, and level of student learning. The author in his report with the help of the corporate code of ethics developed 18 cases for evaluating business students for the employers while interviewing them for hiring. In the paper he has mentioned the 5 pressure point areas, which are (a) unethical behavior being failed to report, (b) misuse and improper delegation of company assets, (c) conflict of interest in between the employer and the employee or lack of company commitment, (d) inaccurate accounting records by way of channel stuffing (offering a deep discount to customers to overbuy), and (e) trading on inside information. He states that the main intention study was to make teachers and educators become aware of students mannerisms and objective, which may further violate the code (Persons, 2009). According to Martin and Mahat (2017), there has been an observed rise in trend of Australian universities to show that their students have received knowledge and skills sets as specified by them in the form of graduate attributes or institutional learning outcomes. In this paper the authors have marked the general skill set that are suitable for undergraduate courses at the national level. The research has been conducted by the authors keeping in mind two perspectives one is from the institutions point of view about the graduate attributes and the other is from the perspective of the national guidelines or the framework that suggests some criterions. The authors says that one of the determinants that has led to an considerable change on Australian higher education and the learning systems of students involve the shift from elite to mass education that has taken place over the last two decades. He also says that in Australia there is one of the main concern areas that has originated a s a direct result of the mass education system is that the quality of education has dropped substantially. Another determinant of the change in the education system is the financial burden on the students of the tuition fee. The point that this research needs to focus on from this paper is that the higher education has now become an investment from which graduates expect an employment and monetary return. As the previous literatures show that there is a constant reminder about the significance of the soft skills along with the hard skills in a graduate to successfully meet the requirements of the employers. Similarly, Boyatzis (2009) says to maximize the performance of the workplace several present and future manager models should be studies to develop effective management skills set. In the report Yorke (2014), has analyzed the accountability and the standard policies regarding the learning standards of the assessment in the higher education. He states that there is a skill gap in between what the industry requires and what the education system has to offer. He says that there have been several reforms in the guidelines by the Australian government for the development of the skilled job ready managers Reference List: Azevedo, A., Apfelthaler, G., Hurst, D. (2012). Competency development in business graduates: An industry-driven approach for examining the alignment of undergraduate business education with industry requirements.The International Journal of Management Education,10(1), 12-28. Boyatzis, R. E. (2009). Developing emotional, social, and cognitive intelligence competencies in managers and leaders.The SAGE handbook of management learning, education and development. Sage, 439-42. Harris, K. L. (2009). International trends in establishing the standards of academic achievement in higher education.An independent report and analysis. Jackson, D., Chapman, E. (2012). Empirically derived competency profiles for Australian business graduates and their implications for industry and business schools.The International Journal of Management Education,10(2), 112-128. Jackson, D., Chapman, E. (2012). Non-technical skill gaps in Australian business graduates.Education+ Training,54(2/3), 95-113. John, J. (2009). Study on the nature of impact of soft skills training programme on the soft skills development of management students.Pacific Business Review,10(12), 09. Kavanagh, M. H., Drennan, L. (2008). What skills and attributes does an accounting graduate need? Evidence from student perceptions and employer expectations.Accounting Finance,48(2), 279-300. Martin, L., Mahat, M. (2017). The Assessment of Learning Outcomes in Australia: Finding the Holy Grail.AERA Open,3(1), 2332858416688904. Persons, O. (2009). Using a corporate code of ethics to assess students' ethicality: Implications for business education.Journal of Education for Business,84(6), 357-366. Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), 453-465. Forbes.com. (2017). The 10 Skills Employers Most Want In 2015 Graduates. Retrieved 21 August 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2014/11/12/the-10-skills-employers-most-want-in-2015-graduates/#77e5b9712511 Treleaven, L., Voola, R. (2008). Integrating the development of graduate attributes through constructive alignment.Journal of marketing education,30(2), 160-173. Yorke, J. D. (2014). Accountability and quality policies relating to learning standards, and their implications for assessment in higher education.

Intestinal Cell Proliferation and Differentiation - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntestinal Cell Proliferation and Differentiationfor Tyrosine. Answer: Intestinal cell proliferation Several growth factors mediate the process of proliferation that triggers cells to enter cell cycle. Proliferation of the mucosal cells is needed to maintain the integrity of the gastrointestinal system. The EFGR gene sends instruction for production of the Epidermal growth factor receptor protein, which promotes cell proliferation. It is atransmembrane protein and is activated by specific ligand binding. Upon activation, EGFR undergoes dimerization, which stimulates tyrosine kinase activity. The tyrosine residues get autophosphorylated and activate downstream signaling of other pathways and promote proliferation. Receptor tyrosine kinase also influences the activity of insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 encoded by the IGFR1 and IGFR2 genes respectively. Binding of ligand activates the receptor tyrosine kinase, autophosphoryaltion initiates intracellular signalling and activates the Akt and Ras MAPK pathway (Waseem et al. 2014). This increases proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. KL F4 or Krupple like factor 4 is a zinc-finger transcription factor, involved in regulation ofproliferation. KLF4 is expressed in non-dividing cells of the intestinal epithelium and maintains homeostasis in these cells.In the intestinal epithelium, it regulates Wnt signaling pathway of genes. Fibroblast growth factors (FGRFR2 and FGFR4) controls intestinal cell proliferation by binding to the receptor tyrosine kinase family. LGR5 promotes proliferation by acceleration of cell cycle. The main effect of high fat diet occurs in the colon, which leads to enhanced cell proliferation. Total lipids in feces are measured by a gravimetric method.Diet rich in saturated fats excerete more lipids. Proliferation of distal colon cell increases as fecal lipids increase (Sakar et al.2014). Intestinal cell differentiation A cell becomes more specialized through the process of differentiation. The EGFR, FGF-2, FGF-4, KLF4, HNF1a are responsible fot influencing the differentiation pathways of intestinal cells. Binding of specific ligands to the receptors encoded by these genes triggers the tyrosine kinsase activity. This activation occurs through dimerization of the receptors. Dimerization is followed by autophosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling pathways like Notch, BMP, Wnt/Wg, Hedgehog (Hh), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and other pathways. Crypt structures and transient amplifying cells were rapidly lost due to block of the -catenin/Wnt signaling (Barker 2014). -Catenin is a cytoplasmic signal-transducer of the canonical Wnt pathway. In the absence of Wnt ligands, -catenin is phosphorylated and degraded. The degradation complex contains the tumor suppressor gene products conductin or axin, APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), casein kinase I (CKI) and glycogen synthase kinase 3. When the Wnt ligand binds to Frizzled transmembrane receptors, Disheveled cytoplasmic protein gets activated. It blocks the function of the degradation complex. -Catenin enters the nucleus and associates with LEF/TCF transcription factors. It induces transcriptional control of the Wnt target genes. Mutations which activate this pathway initiates colorectal cancer. The tumors are manifested by truncated mutation in axin and APC. Recently, several studies have reported that intestinal stem cells get inflamed and their differentiation is directly effected by prolonged consumption of saturated fat diet (Beyaz et al. 2016). References Barker, N., 2014. Adult intestinal stem cells: critical drivers of epithelial homeostasis and regeneration.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology,15(1), p.19. Beyaz, S., Mana, M.D., Roper, J., Kedrin, D., Saadatpour, A., Hong, S.J., Bauer-Rowe, K.E., Xifaras, M.E., Akkad, A., Arias, E. and Pinello, L., 2016. High fat diet enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal progenitors.Nature,531(7592), p.53. Sakar, Y., Duca, F.A., Langelier, B., Devime, F., Blottiere, H., Delorme, C., Renault, P. and Covasa, M., 2014. Impact of high-fat feeding on basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors controlling enteroendocrine cell differentiation.International journal of obesity,38(11), p.1440. Waseem, T., Duxbury, M., Ashley, S.W. and Robinson, M.K., 2014. Ghrelin promotes intestinal epithelial cell proliferation through PI3K/Akt pathway and EGFR trans-activation both converging to ERK 1/2 phosphorylation.Peptides,52, pp.113-121.